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The curl-up test is used to measure abdominal muscular strength and endurance. The objective of the test is to complete as many curl-ups as possible, up to a maximum of seventy-five, to a set cadence. To administer the test, every two or three students will need a gym mat, a piece of paper, and a measuring strip.
The measuring strip may be made of cardboard, rubber, smooth wood, or any similar thin flat material, and should be thirty to thirty-five inches long. Two widths may be needed depending on the age of the student being tested. A three inch wide strip is used for students ages five to nine, and a four and a half inch strip is used for older students. An audio tape with the recorded cadence is also needed. The PACER test CD or tape contains a recorded cadence for the curl-up test.
Before beginning the test, have students select a partner. One student will perform the curl-ups, while her partner counts and watches for form errors. The student performing the test lies in a supine position on the mat, knees bent at a 140-degree angle, feet flat on the mat, legs slightly apart, arms straight and parallel to the trunk, with the palms of the hands resting on the mat. The fingers must be stretched out and the head is in contact with the mat.
Once the student performing the curl-ups assumes the correct position, her partner places the measuring strip on the mat under the legs, so that the fingertips are just resting on the nearest edge of the strip. The student then places a sheet of paper under her partner's head. The main role of the second person is to check for form corrections, and count the number of correctly completed curl-ups. Keeping heels in contact with the mat, the student performing the test slowly curls up, sliding her fingers across the measuring strip until the fingertips reach the other side, then curls back down until the head touches the sheet of paper. Movement should be slow and to a set cadence of one curl-up every three seconds. The test continues until the student can no longer continue, or has completed seventy-five curl-ups.
Additionally, this test can be completed with three students. One student performing the curl-up, one student at the head position who will be responsible for counting the number of curl-ups completed, and the other student at the feet of the performer. This student will be responsible for looking for any form breaks, and letting the counter and performer know when the test is completed. The student is stopped when the second form correction is made, or seventy-five curl-ups have been completed.
Here are a few suggestions for test administration: The student being tested should reposition if the body moves so that the head does not contact the mat at the appropriate spot or the measuring strip is out of position; Movement should start with a flattening of the lower back, followed by a slow curling of the upper spine; The hands should slide across the measuring strip until the fingertips reach the opposite side, and then return to the supine position; The movement is completed when the back of the head touches the sheet of paper; The cadence will encourage a steady, continuous movement done in the correct form.
Students should not reach with their arms and hands, but simply let the arms passively move along the floor in response to the action of the trunk and shoulders. Any jerking or reaching motion will cause the students to constantly move out of position. This curl-up protocol is quite different from the one-minute sit-up. Students will need to learn the correct form for this skill and be allowed time to practice.
Watch for the following form corrections: Heels must remain in contact with the mat; Head must return to the mat on each repetition; Pauses and rest periods are not allowed; The movement should be continous and with the cadence; Fingertips should touch the far side of the measuring strip.
Dolphin is a common name of aquatic mammals within the infraorder Cetacea. The term dolphin usually refers to the extant families Delphinidae (the oceanic dolphins), Platanistidae (the Indian river dolphins), Iniidae (the New World river dolphins), and Pontoporiidae (the brackish dolphins), and the extinct Lipotidae (baiji or Chinese river dolphin). There are 40 extant species named as dolphins.
Dolphins range in size from the 1.7 m (5.6 ft) long and 50 kg (110 lb) Maui's dolphin to the 9.5 m (31 ft) and 10 t (11 short tons) killer whale. Several species exhibit sexual dimorphism, in that the males are larger than females. They have streamlined bodies and two limbs that are modified into flippers. Though not quite as flexible as seals, some dolphins can travel at 55.5 km/h (34.5 mph). Dolphins use their conical shaped teeth to capture fast moving prey. They have well-developed hearing which is adapted for both air and water and is so well developed that some can survive even if they are blind. Some species are well adapted for diving to great depths. They have a layer of fat, or blubber, under the skin to keep warm in the cold water.
Although dolphins are widespread, most species prefer the warmer waters of the tropic zones, but some, like the right whale dolphin, prefer colder climates. Dolphins feed largely on fish and squid, but a few, like the killer whale, feed on large mammals, like seals. Male dolphins typically mate with multiple females every year, but females only mate every two to three years. Calves are typically born in the spring and summer months and females bear all the responsibility for raising them. Mothers of some species fast and nurse their young for a relatively long period of time. Dolphins produce a variety of vocalizations, usually in the form of clicks and whistles.
Dolphins are sometimes hunted in places such as Japan, in an activity known as dolphin drive hunting. Besides drive hunting, they also face threats from bycatch, habitat loss, and marine pollution. Dolphins have been depicted in various cultures worldwide. Dolphins occasionally feature in literature and film, as in the film series Free Willy. Dolphins are sometimes kept in captivity and trained to perform tricks. The most common dolphin species in captivity is the bottlenose dolphin, while there are around 60 captive killer whales.
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Do not vote for my daughter, eli baker as i am a mom and i say eli baker is bad so people, vote for katherine
bad eli do not vote for eli
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Eli bakers mom is gay
Eli bakers mom is gay
Way to go Eli!
Eli for the win!!!!
Let’s go Eli!!!!
YAY WE´RE IN THE LEAD!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
YOU BETTER VOTE FOR KATHERINE >:C
Katherine!!!!!!!!!!!!!! :D